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- ************************************
- * PEP-utilizing enzymes signatures *
- ************************************
-
- A number of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from
- phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) via a phospho-histidine intermediate have been shown
- to be structurally related [1,2,3]. These enzymes are:
-
- - Pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1) (PPDK). PPDK catalyzes the
- reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate and orthophosphate by ATP to PEP and
- pyrophosphate. In plants PPDK function in the direction of the formation of
- PEP, which is the primary acceptor of carbon dioxide in C4 and crassulacean
- acid metabolism plants. In some bacteria, such as Bacteroides symbiosus,
- PPDK functions in the direction of ATP synthesis.
- - Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (EC 2.7.9.2) (pyruvate,water dikinase). This
- enzyme catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate by ATP to PEP
- and pyrophosphate, an essential step in gluconeogenesis when pyruvate and
- lactate are used as a carbon source.
- - Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.3.9). This is the
- first enzyme of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase
- system (PTS), a major carbohydrate transport system in bacteria. The PTS
- catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant
- with their translocation across the cell membrane. The general mechanism
- of the PTS is the following: a phosphoryl group from PEP is transferred
- to enzyme-I (EI) of PTS which in turn transfers it to a phosphoryl carrier
- protein (HPr). Phospho-HPr then transfers the phosphoryl group to a sugar-
- specific permease.
- - Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yijH.
-
- All these enzymes share the same catalytic mechanism: they bind PEP and
- transfer the phosphoryl group from it to a histidine residue. The sequence
- around that residue is highly conserved and can be used as a signature pattern
- for these enzymes. As a second signature pattern we selected a conserved
- region in the C-terminal part of the PEP-utilizing enzymes. The biological
- significance of this region is not yet known.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-G-x-T-x-H-[STA]-[STAV]-[LIVM](2)-[STA]-R
- [H is phosphorylated]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [DE]-x-[LIVMF]-S-[LIVMF]-G-[ST]-N-D-[LIVM]-x-Q-[LIVMFY]-
- [STAL]-[LIVMF]-[GA]-x(2)-R
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Reizer J.
- jreizer@ucsd.edu
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Reizer J., Hoischen C., Reizer A., Pham T.N., Saier M.H. Jr.
- Protein Sci. 2:506-521(1993).
- [ 2] Pocalyko D.J., Carroll L.J., Martin B.M., Babbitt P.C.,
- Dunaway-Mariano D.
- Biochemistry 29:10757-10765(1990).
- [ 3] Niersbach M., Kreuzaler F., Geerse R.H., Postma P., Hirsch H.J.
- Mol. Gen. Genet. 232:332-336(1992).
-